The area of activity of the First Department includes all matters that fall within the competence of the Ministry of Social Affairs, the Ministry of Education and Research, the Ministry of Culture and their subordinate agencies and other units.

The area of activity of the Second Department includes all matters that fall within the competence of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of the Environment and their subordinate agencies and other units; as well as issues within the competence of the Bank of Estonia, the Financial Supervision Authority and the State Audit Office.

The area of activity of the Third Department includes all matters that fall within the competence of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Justice and their subordinate agencies and other units; as well as issues within the competence of the Prime Minister, Ministers without portfolio and the State Chancellery; initiating of disciplinary proceedings with regard to judges and cases which do not belong in the area of activity of the first or the second department.

The area of activity of the Children's Rights Department includes all matters that are related to the protection and promotion of children's rights.

The General Department deals with the organisational work of the Office of the Chancellor of Justice, the reception of individuals, drafting of the budget, monitoring and analysis of the purposeful use of the budgetary resources, organisation of accounting, communication with other institutions and the public, personnel issues and training, managerial and secretarial issues of the Office. It also ensures the necessary organisational, economic and technical conditions for the functioning of the Office.