The institution of the Chancellor of Justice in Estonia is not part of the legislative, executive or judicial powers, it is not a political or a law enforcement body. The institution of the Chancellor of Justice is established by the Constitution and the Chancellor only observes the Constitution and his conscience. The Chancellor of Justice is appointed by the Riigikogu on the proposal of the President of the Republic for a term of seven years. Once a year the Chancellor of Justice submits to the Riigikogu a report with an overview of his activities.

The Chancellor of Justice in Estonia combines the function of the general body of petition and the guardian of constitutionality. Such a combined competence is unique internationally.